The effect of innovation on tourists' revisit intention toward tourism destinations

Purpose: Drawing on Schumpeter's theory of innovation and stereotype content model, this study aims to arrive at an integrated model that relates destination innovation type, destination innovativeness and revisit intention to uncover more about the drivers and outcomes of destination innovativeness from a consumer-centric perspective. Design/methodology/approach: Three studies, including content analysis of news media, an onsite survey and an online survey in Chinese special featured towns, were conducted. Findings: This study develops a consumer-centric destination innovation measure. The results reveal that input innovation and product innovation positively influence revisit intention through the serial mediation of destination innovativeness and perceived competence. Research limitations/implications: As the data was collected from tourists in China, any generalization of the results to other regions should be made with caution;accordingly, replication is needed to test the proposed model in different cultural contexts. Second, during the onsite data collection period, special featured town destinations were still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have affected the perceptions of tourists. Third, the second round of data was collected using an online survey, which may have introduced bias due to a potential lack of representativeness. Fourth, some potential missing variables could also influence the links among innovation, destination innovativeness and revisit intention. Originality/value: This study presents the first empirical test of the impact of innovation type and innovativeness on tourists' response to tourism destinations. The results of this study could guide destinations to deliver more effective consumer-centric innovations to generate competitiveness. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Cook like a Boss Online: an adapted intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic that effectively improved children's perceived cooking competence, movement competence and wellbeing.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated physical inactivity, poor dietary intake and reduced mental wellbeing, contributing factors to non-communicable diseases in children. Cooking interventions are proposed as having a positive influence on children's diet quality. Motor skills have been highlighted as essential for performance of cooking skills, and this movement may contribute to wellbeing. Additionally, perceived competence is a motivator for behaviour performance and thus important for understanding intervention effectiveness. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the effectiveness of an adapted virtual theory-based cooking intervention on perceived cooking competence, perceived movement competence and wellbeing. METHODS: The effective theory-driven and co-created 'Cook Like A Boss' was adapted to a virtual five day camp-styled intervention, with 248 children across the island of Ireland participating during the pandemic. Pre- and post-intervention assessments of perceived cooking competence, perceived movement competence and wellbeing using validated measurements were completed through online surveys. Bivariate Correlations, paired samples t-tests and Hierarchical multiple regression modelling was conducted using SPSS to understand the relationships between the variables and the effect of the intervention. RESULTS: 210 participants had matched survey data and were included in analysis. Significant positive correlations were shown between perceived cooking competence, perceived movement competence and wellbeing (P < 0.05). Children's perceived cooking competence (P < 0.001, medium to large effect size), perceived movement competence (P < 0.001, small to medium effect size) and wellbeing (P = 0.013, small effect size) all significantly increased from pre to post intervention. For the Hierarchical regression, the final model explained 57% of the total variance in participants' post-intervention perceived cooking competence. Each model explained a significant amount of variance (P < 0.05). Pre-intervention perceived cooking competence, wellbeing, age and perceived movement competence were significant predictors for post-intervention perceived cooking competence in the final model. CONCLUSION: The 'Cook Like A Boss' Online intervention was an adapted virtual outreach intervention. It provides initial evidence for the associations between perceived cooking competence, perceived movement and wellbeing as well as being effective in their improvement. This research shows the potential for cooking to be used as a mechanism for targeting improvements in not only diet quality but also movement and wellbeing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05395234. Retrospectively registered on 26th May 2022.

The effect of innovation on tourists’ revisit intention toward tourism destinations

Purpose Drawing on Schumpeter's theory of innovation and stereotype content model, this study aims to arrive at an integrated model that relates destination innovation type, destination innovativeness and revisit intention to uncover more about the drivers and outcomes of destination innovativeness from a consumer-centric perspective. Design/methodology/approach Three studies, including content analysis of news media, an onsite survey and an online survey in Chinese special featured towns, were conducted. Findings This study develops a consumer-centric destination innovation measure. The results reveal that input innovation and product innovation positively influence revisit intention through the serial mediation of destination innovativeness and perceived competence. Research limitations/implications As the data was collected from tourists in China, any generalization of the results to other regions should be made with caution;accordingly, replication is needed to test the proposed model in different cultural contexts. Second, during the onsite data collection period, special featured town destinations were still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have affected the perceptions of tourists. Third, the second round of data was collected using an online survey, which may have introduced bias due to a potential lack of representativeness. Fourth, some potential missing variables could also influence the links among innovation, destination innovativeness and revisit intention. Originality/value This study presents the first empirical test of the impact of innovation type and innovativeness on tourists' response to tourism destinations. The results of this study could guide destinations to deliver more effective consumer-centric innovations to generate competitiveness.

Competence inference from muscle: how and when trainers' muscle mass impacts service purchase of personal fitness training

Purpose>This study aims to examine how and when trainers' muscle mass impacts service purchase of personal fitness training, drawing upon signaling theory. Specifically, the authors investigated (1) the mediating role of perceived competence in the relationship between trainers' muscle mass (highly vs moderately muscular) and customers' service registration intention and (2) the moderating role of customer expertise in this mediating mechanism.Design/methodology/approach>The authors conceptualized trainers' muscle mass, developed its experimental stimuli and validated them through the two pretests (total n = 387). Using the validated stimuli, the authors conducted the two experiments (total n = 802). In both experiments, the authors recruited participants via MTurk using the convenience sampling method and employed a single-factor between-subject design based on random assignment.Findings>Findings supported the authors’ proporsed model. Consumers perceived highly (vs moderately) muscular trainers as more competent, which in turn engendered greater service registration intention. This effect emerged for expert consumers but not for novice consumers.Originality/value>This study is one of the first attempts to empirically test the influence of trainers' muscle mass on consumer acquisition in the context of personal fitness training. It also expands the sport marketing literature to the consumer psychology and behavior fields addressing the characteristics of sport-service providers. The findings also provide fitness organizations with managerial insights into how to effectively leverage trainers' physical appearance as a marketing tool.

Impacto de la pandemia por COVID19 en la percepción de competencia motriz de escolares de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile (Impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the perception of motor competence in schoolchildren from Temuco, Chile)

In the field of motor development, the perception of motor competence is considered one of the most important underlying mechanisms that influence the adherence to the practice of physical activity, where Physical Education classes are one of the most relevant instances for its development. The present study aims to analyze how the perception of motor competence evolves in conditions of confinement and closed schools because of COVID-19 during the time in which the students have not had Physical Education classes in a face-to-face manner. 104 students (52.9% girls;age M=10.9;S.D.=0.69) participated and answered the SEMOK questionnaire for assessing perceived motor competence in both 2019 (T1) and 2020 (T2). The results of the mixed model did not present major effects of the confinement period on the perception of motor competence (p>.05), while in each of the periods significant differences were found according to gender, with boys showing a higher perception of motor competence in object control than girls (p<.001). The students maintained a similar perception from T1 to T2, showing stability in the perception of their motor competence during the period of confinement, which coincides with the few studies that have studied this subject, following prospective procedures. In addition, the role of gender in the perception of motor competence is confirmed and should be considered when developing didactic strategies for Physical Education class. Alternate : En el ámbito del desarrollo motor, la percepción de la competencia motriz es considerada como uno de los mecanismos subyacentes más importantes que influyen en la adherencia a la práctica de actividad física, siendo las clases de Educación Física una de las instancias más pertinentes para su desarrollo. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar, en condiciones de confinamiento y de cierre de las escuelas por COVID-19, cómo la percepción de la competencia motriz evoluciona durante el tiempo en que el alumnado no ha tenido Educación Física de manera presencial. Participaron 104 estudiantes (52,9% niñas;M = 10,9 años de edad;D.T. = 0,69), quienes contestaron el cuestionario SEMOK de evaluación de la competencia motriz percibida, tanto en 2019 (T1) como en 2020 (T2). Los resultados del modelo mixto no mostraron un efecto principal del periodo de confinamiento sobre la percepción de competencia motriz (p > ,05), mientras que en cada una de los tiempos de medición se encontraron diferencias significativas en función del sexo, donde los niños mostraron una mayor percepción de competencia motriz en control de objetos que las niñas (p < ,001). Los estudiantes mantuvieron una percepción similar desde T1 hasta T2, mostrando una estabilidad en la percepción de su competencia motriz durante este periodo de confinamiento, lo que coincide con los escasos estudios que han investigado esta temática siguiendo procedimientos prospectivos. Además, se confirma el rol que el sexo ejerce en la percepción de la competencia motriz, aspecto que debe ser considerado al momento de desarrollar estrategias didácticas en Educación Física.Alternate :No campo do desenvolvimento motor, a percepção da competência motora é considerada um dos mais importantes mecanismos subjacentes que influenciam a adesão à prática de atividade física, sendo as aulas de Educação Física uma das instâncias mais pertinentes para o seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar, em condições de confinamento e fechamento de escolas devido ao COVID-19, como a percepção da competência motora evolui durante o tempo em que os alunos não realizaram Educação Física presencial. Participaram 104 alunos (52,9% meninas;M = 10,9 anos;DP = 0,69), que responderam ao questionário SEMOK para avaliação da competência motora percebida, tanto em 2019 (T1) como em 2020 (T2). Os resultados do modelo misto não mostraram efeito principal do período de confinamento na percepção da competência motora (p> 0,05), enquanto em cada um dos tempos de medição foram encontradas diferenças significativas de acordo com o sexo, onde as crianças apresentaram maior percepção da competência motora em controlar objetos do que meninas (p <0,001). Os alunos mantiveram percepção semelhante de T1 a T2, demonstrando estabilidade na percepção de sua competência motora durante esse período de confinamento, o que coincide com os poucos estudos que investigaram esse assunto seguindo procedimentos prospectivos. Além disso, confirma-se o papel que o sexo desempenha na percepção da competência motora, aspecto que deve ser considerado no desenvolvimento de estratégias didáticas em Educação Física.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic: Effects of optimism and uncertainty on distress during the lockdown in Spain

The objective of this study is to make a quick assessment of the psychological resources and emotional distress of the general population locked down during the COVID-19 pandemic (in Catalonia, Spain), and to observe their evolution over the course of two waves during lockdown: at two weeks and at one month (April 1th to 3th and April 17th to 19th). The longitudinal study collected data from 29,231 participants aged 18 or older through an online platform who answered questions which evaluated: optimism, uncertainty, perceived competence, self-efficacy, emotional distress, current job situation, sadness and anger in conjunction with sociodemographic variables. The main results indicated that general beliefs about the future, uncertainty, and optimism, together with beliefs about one's own conduct, such as perceived competence when facing the situation or self-efficacy to maintain routines, could predict the emotional distress experienced by an individual. A clear gender pattern was found. Between the two waves, optimism, perceived competence to manage the situation and self-efficacy to maintain routines decrease, uncertainty grows, and emotional distress remains. Taking these results into account we can prevent possible emotional scars and offer coping strategies to overcome the pandemic and the future situations of confinement in a more efficient way.

The Feasibility and Challenges of Conducting Online Research to Examine Movement Behavior in Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The global pandemic of COVID-19 shifted the methodology of this research project. The purpose of this perspective article is to discuss the feasibility and challenges of converting an in-person mixed methods study that examined associations among and beliefs about physical activity, motor competence, and perceived competence to an online format with parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment was conducted through a University research registry, social media, and public listservs. All correspondence with participants was through email and secure platforms. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometers mailed to participants. Motor competence was assessed through participant-filmed trials of motor skills. Perceived competence was assessed with the Self-Perception Profile for Adults and Children delivered on Qualtrics. Semi- structured interviews to examine beliefs were conducted over Zoom. Approximately 200 families expressed interest in the study, 76 parent-child dyads consented and assented, and 61 parent-child dyads completed at least one component of the study. It is feasible to conduct online research that contributes to scientific knowledge and has potential advantages. However, various challenges need to be considered regarding the application of online research. These challenges included recruitment, the data collection process, and data quality. Future research needs to address these challenges by utilizing wide-reaching and diverse recruitment methods, easing participants' burden with technology, and developing motor competence and perceived competence assessments that can be administered online. The way research was conducted changed due to COVID-19 and adapting to and/or integrating online methods is both necessary and feasible, but modifications must be taken into consideration.

Nursing Students' Emotional State and Perceived Competence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Vital Role of Teacher and Peer Support.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the shutdown of society and created sudden and long-lasting changes in teaching practices, forcing many nursing students to study remotely at home. These students' relatedness with their teachers and peers has been limited and mainly online. Several studies have indicated that students' emotional states and mental health have been negatively affected by the pandemic, representing a serious challenge for many countries. Because they use only digital tools, online students have perceived a decline in teacher and peer support. Likewise, these students have reported feelings of sadness, loneliness, anxiety, and stress, affecting their learning and competence development. AIMS: To investigate the associations between peer support, teacher support, emotional state, and perceived competence in nursing students during the pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected quantitative survey data from 329 nursing students at a large university in Norway. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test seven associations among peer support, teacher support, emotional state, and perceived competence. RESULTS: Teacher support had a significant direct effect on perceived competence, while peer support almost had a significant direct effect. However, the emotional state was directly affected by peer support and had a direct impact on perceived competence. Hence, teacher and peer support is important to nursing students' perceived competence. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, both peer and teacher support can significantly support students' competence development. Therefore, students should utilize the support of their teachers and peers in a structured manner to bolster their competence development.

Learning during COVID-19: the role of self-regulated learning, motivation, and procrastination for perceived competence.

In March 2020 schools in Austria temporarily closed and switched to distance learning to contain the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19). The resulting situation posed great challenges to teachers, guardians and students (Huber and Helm 2020). Research has shown that perceived competence (Deci and Ryan 2000) affects selfregulated learning (SRL), intrinsic motivation and procrastination, however few studies have considered these variables in context of distance learning among adolescents. This study investigated differences in students who perceived themselves as high vs. low in competence with respect to these constructs. In an online questionnaire, 2652 Austrian secondary school students answered closed questions regarding SRL, intrinsic motivation and procrastination as well as open-ended questions about challenges, successes and need for support in distance. Structural equation modeling was applied for the quantitative analysis which was complemented by thematic analysis for the qualitative questions (Braun and Clarke 2006). Results showed that students who experienced themselves as highly competent use SRL strategies (goal setting and planning, time management, metacognitive strategies) more often and are more intrinsically motivated than students with lower perceived competence. They also procrastinate less. Furthermore, qualitative analysis revealed that although all students face similar challenges (e.g., independent learning, time and task management, learning on the computer, lack of contact with teachers and peers), students who perceived themselves as highly competent seemed to cope better, and have less need for support. Implications for distance learning and future research are discussed. Supplementary Information: The online version of this article (10.1007/s11618-021-01002-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.